Co-infections of SARS-CoV-2 with respiratory syncytial virus and human influenza A in patients with symptoms of COVID-19 in Ghana: A retrospective study

Kwabena Obeng Duedu, Jones Gyamfi, Reuben Ayivor-Djanie, Godknows Afenya, Isaac Buertey Agbuglah, Hubert Kwame Agbogli, Priscilla Essandoh, Seraphine Kugbemanya, Theophilus Koku Adiku

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    Abstract

    Background During the COVID-19 pandemic the aetiology of respiratory illnesses were narrowed to SARS-CoV-2. This prevented diagnosis of other pathogens and patients were not notified of the accurate diagnosis of their illnesses when SARS-CoV-2 was absent. It is therefore important to look back and determine what else was present but was missed. Objective This retrospective study sought to gain insights into prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza A alongside SARS-CoV-2 in patients who reported with clinical symptoms of respiratory illnesses. Methods Samples from patients who had reported of respiratory symptoms were selected at random from a pool. RNA was extracted and RT-PCR was performed for SARS-CoV-2, RSV and Influenza A in parallel. Data on the clinical symptoms was extracted from case-base forms and analysed. Results Of the 400 symptomatic samples tested, prevalence of SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and RSV was 20.3%, 2.0% and 0.5% respectively. Only one sample tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A. About 77% of the symptomatic cases did not test positive for any of the three agents. Cough (79%) was the most common symptom followed by fever and chills, headache, sore throat and runny nose. Conclusion The large proportion of symptomatic cases that tested negative for all three respiratory viruses raises a flag and a need for more investigations into the actual burden of respiratory aetiologic agents during the pandemic. With the low levels of co-infections, parallel testing may not be needed however, a strong case for multiplex tests for respiratory agents exists.
    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)101463
    Number of pages1
    JournalNew Microbes and New Infections
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished (VoR) - 21 Aug 2024

    Keywords

    • COVID-19
    • SARS-CoV-2
    • RSV
    • Influenza
    • respiratory illnesses

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