Cytokine and chemokine signatures of steady-state sickle cell disease in African children: a cross-sectional study

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by chronic inflammation, yet the inflammatory landscape defining the clinically defined steady state remains poorly characterized, particularly in African populations where the disease burden is highest. Understanding baseline cytokine and chemokine signatures during the steady state is important for distinguishing physiological disease equilibrium from transitions toward acute complications.