Abstract
Background
This study investigated the effects of carbohydrate mouth rinsing (CHOMR) on various psychophysiological, kinematic, and technical actions during 4-a-side small-sided soccer games (SSGs).
Methods
In a randomized, crossover, double-blind design, 16 young male soccer players (age: 15 ± 1 years; height: 172.6 ± 7.0 cm; body mass: 57.8 ± 7.9 kg) participated in two 4-a-side SSGs separated by one week following either CHOMR or placebo (PLA). During each SSGs, heart rate (HRmean, %HR, and HRmax), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), enjoyment, visual analogue scale (VAS) to perceived mental fatigue, mood states, total distance (TD), high-speed running distance (HSRD), average metabolic power (AMP), high metabolic load distance (HMLD), sprint distance (SD), acceleration (ACC), deceleration (DEC), and technical actions (e.g. passing, tackling, shooting, and interceptions) were assessed.
Results
Compared with PLA, CHOMR resulted in significantly higher RPE (p = 0.025, g = 0.86) and significantly lower VAS scores (p = 0.010, g = –0.71). In addition, the CHOMR condition showed significantly higher values for interceptions, successful tackles, unsuccessful tackles, unsuccessful shots, and goals (p < 0.05, g = 0.96–2.02), whereas block values were significantly higher in the PLA condition. There were no statistically significant differences in HRmean, %HR, HRmax, enjoyment, TD, HSRD, AMP, HMLD, SD, ACC, DEC, successful passes, unsuccessful passes, successful shots, or mood states between the conditions (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
The current study findings suggest that CHOMR may enhance selected technical actions and lower VAS scores during 4-a-side SSGs, although it was also associated with higher RPE and did not alter the kinematic responses. In conclusion, CHOMR was associated with higher RPE, lower mental fatigue, and selective improvements in technical actions, with no significant effects on kinematic variables or HR.
This study investigated the effects of carbohydrate mouth rinsing (CHOMR) on various psychophysiological, kinematic, and technical actions during 4-a-side small-sided soccer games (SSGs).
Methods
In a randomized, crossover, double-blind design, 16 young male soccer players (age: 15 ± 1 years; height: 172.6 ± 7.0 cm; body mass: 57.8 ± 7.9 kg) participated in two 4-a-side SSGs separated by one week following either CHOMR or placebo (PLA). During each SSGs, heart rate (HRmean, %HR, and HRmax), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), enjoyment, visual analogue scale (VAS) to perceived mental fatigue, mood states, total distance (TD), high-speed running distance (HSRD), average metabolic power (AMP), high metabolic load distance (HMLD), sprint distance (SD), acceleration (ACC), deceleration (DEC), and technical actions (e.g. passing, tackling, shooting, and interceptions) were assessed.
Results
Compared with PLA, CHOMR resulted in significantly higher RPE (p = 0.025, g = 0.86) and significantly lower VAS scores (p = 0.010, g = –0.71). In addition, the CHOMR condition showed significantly higher values for interceptions, successful tackles, unsuccessful tackles, unsuccessful shots, and goals (p < 0.05, g = 0.96–2.02), whereas block values were significantly higher in the PLA condition. There were no statistically significant differences in HRmean, %HR, HRmax, enjoyment, TD, HSRD, AMP, HMLD, SD, ACC, DEC, successful passes, unsuccessful passes, successful shots, or mood states between the conditions (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
The current study findings suggest that CHOMR may enhance selected technical actions and lower VAS scores during 4-a-side SSGs, although it was also associated with higher RPE and did not alter the kinematic responses. In conclusion, CHOMR was associated with higher RPE, lower mental fatigue, and selective improvements in technical actions, with no significant effects on kinematic variables or HR.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal | Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition |
| Volume | 23 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published (VoR) - 1 Sept 2026 |
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