Energy optimization and cost reduction in water distribution networks

Since the majority of energy consumed by water supply systems is used in transporting and distributing water, in addition to the energy required to pump the water from its sources, energy consumption is significantly associated with the water demand. Several studies have been carried out to optimize pump operations to achieve appropriate pressure and reduce the energy associated with controlling water levels in storage facilities. In this paper, we develop an optimization and decision support technique for a Water Distribution Network (WDN) that considers energy efficiency by limiting the energy consumption of transport and distribution water operations. Therefore, three considerations are taken into account to reduce energy usage, which are: a) the tank demand pattern is redistributed using a genetic algorithm; b) the reservoir serving pattern is governed by game theory c) a decision-making algorithm is also proposed to select the best-suited controlling setting of the pump and valves based on the other two considerations.