Genetic diversity and drug resistance mutations of HIV-1 in Ghana: a systematic review of two decades

Pious Appiah; Mildred Adusei-Poku; Billal Musah Obeng; Richard Osei-Yeboah; Gaspah Gbassana; Seth Agyemang; Lennox Mac-Ankrah; Ibrahim Jamfaru; Makafui Seshie; Isaac Kwame Sraku; Samuel Ankamah; Kwabena Obeng Duedu; Kwamena William Coleman Sagoe

doi:10.1186/s12879-026-12916-4

Genetic diversity and drug resistance mutations of HIV-1 in Ghana: a systematic review of two decades

Pious Appiah
, Mildred Adusei-Poku
, Billal Musah Obeng
, Richard Osei-Yeboah
, Gaspah Gbassana
, Seth Agyemang
, Lennox Mac-Ankrah
, Ibrahim Jamfaru
, Makafui Seshie
, Isaac Kwame Sraku
, Samuel Ankamah
, Kwabena Obeng Duedu
, Kwamena William Coleman Sagoe

Department of Life and Sports Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Since the roll-out of antiretroviral therapy (ART), there has been a significant reduction in Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1) related mortality and morbidity. Nonetheless, drug resistance has emerged significantly, affecting treatment outcomes, but there is limited surveillance of HIV-1 drug resistance and subtype diversity, which is critical for clinical decision-making on therapeutic choices as well as public health control measures. The goal of this systematic review was to analyze data from 2004 to 2024 on subtype diversity and drug resistance mutations (DRMs) among persons living with HIV-1 in Ghana.

Original language	English
Journal	BMC Infectious Diseases
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-12916-4
Publication status	Published (VoR) - 26 Feb 2026

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title = "Genetic diversity and drug resistance mutations of HIV-1 in Ghana: a systematic review of two decades",

abstract = "Since the roll-out of antiretroviral therapy (ART), there has been a significant reduction in Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1) related mortality and morbidity. Nonetheless, drug resistance has emerged significantly, affecting treatment outcomes, but there is limited surveillance of HIV-1 drug resistance and subtype diversity, which is critical for clinical decision-making on therapeutic choices as well as public health control measures. The goal of this systematic review was to analyze data from 2004 to 2024 on subtype diversity and drug resistance mutations (DRMs) among persons living with HIV-1 in Ghana.",

author = "Pious Appiah and Mildred Adusei-Poku and Obeng, \{Billal Musah\} and Richard Osei-Yeboah and Gaspah Gbassana and Seth Agyemang and Lennox Mac-Ankrah and Ibrahim Jamfaru and Makafui Seshie and Sraku, \{Isaac Kwame\} and Samuel Ankamah and Duedu, \{Kwabena Obeng\} and Sagoe, \{Kwamena William Coleman\}",

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day = "26",

doi = "10.1186/s12879-026-12916-4",

language = "English",

journal = "BMC Infectious Diseases",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Genetic diversity and drug resistance mutations of HIV-1 in Ghana: a systematic review of two decades

AU - Appiah, Pious

AU - Adusei-Poku, Mildred

AU - Obeng, Billal Musah

AU - Osei-Yeboah, Richard

AU - Gbassana, Gaspah

AU - Agyemang, Seth

AU - Mac-Ankrah, Lennox

AU - Jamfaru, Ibrahim

AU - Seshie, Makafui

AU - Sraku, Isaac Kwame

AU - Ankamah, Samuel

AU - Duedu, Kwabena Obeng

AU - Sagoe, Kwamena William Coleman

PY - 2026/2/26

Y1 - 2026/2/26

N2 - Since the roll-out of antiretroviral therapy (ART), there has been a significant reduction in Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1) related mortality and morbidity. Nonetheless, drug resistance has emerged significantly, affecting treatment outcomes, but there is limited surveillance of HIV-1 drug resistance and subtype diversity, which is critical for clinical decision-making on therapeutic choices as well as public health control measures. The goal of this systematic review was to analyze data from 2004 to 2024 on subtype diversity and drug resistance mutations (DRMs) among persons living with HIV-1 in Ghana.

AB - Since the roll-out of antiretroviral therapy (ART), there has been a significant reduction in Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1) related mortality and morbidity. Nonetheless, drug resistance has emerged significantly, affecting treatment outcomes, but there is limited surveillance of HIV-1 drug resistance and subtype diversity, which is critical for clinical decision-making on therapeutic choices as well as public health control measures. The goal of this systematic review was to analyze data from 2004 to 2024 on subtype diversity and drug resistance mutations (DRMs) among persons living with HIV-1 in Ghana.

UR - https://www.open-access.bcu.ac.uk/16930/

U2 - 10.1186/s12879-026-12916-4

DO - 10.1186/s12879-026-12916-4

M3 - Article

SN - 1471-2334

JO - BMC Infectious Diseases

JF - BMC Infectious Diseases

ER -

Genetic diversity and drug resistance mutations of HIV-1 in Ghana: a systematic review of two decades

Abstract

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