Global Burden of Human Metapneumovirus: Bridging Gaps in Prevention, Diagnostics and Treatment

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a respiratory virus with a significant impact, particularly on the paediatric population, yet it remains an under-recognized contributor to respiratory infections globally. Recent epidemics in China, India and Europe underscore its clinical burden, with severe cases linked to bronchiolitis, pneumonia and exacerbations of chronic conditions. Despite its impact, hMPV remains underdiagnosed due to limited access to molecular diagnostics and routine surveillance, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The absence of antivirals or vaccines exacerbates its public health challenge. Advances in multiplex diagnostics and vaccine development offer hope but require sustained global investment. Addressing gaps in prevention, diagnostics and treatment is critical to mitigating hMPV's growing threat and ensuring equitable healthcare outcomes.