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Global mortality from firearms, 1990-2016

  • Devina Nand
  • , Mohsen Naghavi*
  • , Laurie B. Marczak
  • , Michael Kutz
  • , Katya Anne Shackelford
  • , Megha Arora
  • , Molly Miller-Petrie
  • , Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour
  • , Nadia Akseer
  • , Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi
  • , Khurshid Alam
  • , Suliman A. Alghnam
  • , Carl Abelardo T. Antonio
  • , Olatunde Aremu
  • , Amit Arora
  • , Mohsen Asadi-Lari
  • , Reza Assadi
  • , Tesfay Mehari Atey
  • , Leticia Avila-Burgos
  • , Ashish Awasthi
  • Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi, Masoud Behzadifar, Meysam Behzadifar, James R. Bennett, Ashish Bhalla, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Arebu Issa Bilal, Guilherme Borges, Rohan Borschmann, Alexandra Brazinova, Julio Cesar Campuzano Rincon, Félix Carvalho, Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Paul I. Dargan, Diego De Leo, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Eric L. Ding, Huyen Phuc Do, David Teye Doku, Kerrie E. Doyle, Tim Robert Driscoll, Dumessa Edessa, Ziad El-Khatib, Aman Yesuf Endries, Alireza Esteghamati, Andre Faro, Farshad Farzadfar, Valery L. Feigin, Florian Fischer, Kyle J. Foreman, Richard Charles Franklin, Nancy Fullman, Neal D. Futran, Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot, Reyna Alma Gutiérrez, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Hassan Haghparast Bidgoli, Gessessew Bugssa Hailu, Josep Maria Haro, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Caitlin Hawley, Delia Hendrie, Martha Híjar, Guoqing Hu, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Spencer L. James, Sudha Jayaraman, Jost B. Jonas, Amaha Kahsay, Amir Kasaeian, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Yousef Khader, Ibrahim A. Khalil, Young Ho Khang, Jagdish Khubchandani, Aliasghar Ahmad Kiadaliri, Christian Kieling, Yun Jin Kim, Soewarta Kosen, Kristopher J. Krohn, G. Anil Kumar, Faris Hasan Lami, Van C. Lansingh, Heidi Jane Larson, Shai Linn, Raimundas Lunevicius, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, Reza Malekzadeh, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Amanda J. Mason-Jones, Richard Matzopoulos, Peter T.N. Memiah, Walter Mendoza, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Haftay Berhane Mezgebe, Ted R. Miller, Shafiu Mohammed, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Rintaro Mori, Devina Nand, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Quyen Le Nguyen, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Andrew T. Olagunju, George C. Patton, Michael R. Phillips, Suzanne Polinder, Farshad Pourmalek, Mostafa Qorbani, Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Mahfuzar Rahman, Rajesh Kumar Rai, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Ali Rowhani-Rahbar, Mahdi Safdarian, Saeid Safiri, Rajesh Sagar, Joseph S. Salama, Juan Sanabria, Milena M.Santric Milicevic, Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suárez, Benn Sartorius, Maheswar Satpathy, David C. Schwebel, Soraya Seedat, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Masood Ali Shaikh, Nigussie Tadesse Sharew, Ivy Shiue, Jasvinder A. Singh, Mekonnen Sisay, Vegard Skirbekk, Adauto Martins Soares Filho, Dan J. Stein, Mark Andrew Stokes, Mu'Awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Mamta Swaroop, Bryan L. Sykes, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Fentaw Tadese, Bach Xuan Tran, Tung Thanh Tran, Kingsley Nnanna Ukwaja, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Vasily Vlassov, Andrea Werdecker, Pengpeng Ye, Paul Yip, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mustafa Z. Younis, Zoubida Zaidi, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Simon I. Hay, Stephen S. Lim, Alan D. Lopez, Ali H. Mokdad, Theo Vos, Christopher J.L. Murray
*Corresponding author for this work
    • Accamargo Cancer Center
    • University of Washington
    • Higher National Veterinary School
    • University of Toronto
    • King Abdulaziz University
    • University of Western Australia
    • King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences
    • University of the Philippines
    • Western Sydney University
    • Oral Health Services
    • Iran University of Medical Sciences
    • Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education
    • Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
    • Mekelle University
    • Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica
    • Indian Institute of Public Health
    • Public Health Foundation of India
    • La Trobe University
    • National Institutes of Health
    • The University of Auckland
    • Heidelberg University 
    • Harvard University
    • Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science
    • University of California at Los Angeles
    • Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
    • Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research
    • Aga Khan University
    • Addis Ababa University
    • Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente
    • Murdoch Children's Research Institute
    • University of Melbourne
    • Comenius University
    • Universidad Valle de Cuernavaca
    • University of Porto
    • Instituto Nacional de Salud
    • Universidad Nacional de Colombia
    • Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
    • King's College London
    • Griffith University Queensland
    • University of Peradeniya
    • Duy Tan University
    • University of Cape Coast Ghana
    • Tampere University
    • Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University
    • University of Sydney
    • Haramaya University
    • Karolinska Institutet
    • St. Paul‘s Hospital Millennium Medical College
    • Tehran University of Medical Sciences
    • Universidade Federal de Sergipe
    • Auckland University of Technology
    • Bielefeld University
    • James Cook University Queensland
    • Jimma University Ethiopia
    • Johns Hopkins University
    • University College London
    • Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu
    • University of Barcelona
    • Mizan-Tepi University
    • University of Antwerp
    • Curtin University
    • Fundación Entornos A.C.
    • Central South University
    • University of Liberia
    • University of Kragujevac
    • Virginia Commonwealth University
    • Capital Medical University
    • University of Nairobi
    • Jordan University of Science and Technology
    • Seoul National University
    • Ball State University
    • Lund University
    • Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
    • Hospital of Clinics of Porto Alegre
    • Xiamen University
    • Independent Consultant
    • Academy of Medical Science
    • HelpMeSee, Inc.
    • London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
    • University of Haifa
    • Aintree University Hospital
    • University of Liverpool
    • Damietta University
    • Aswan University
    • Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
    • Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
    • University of York
    • South African Medical Research Council
    • University of Cape Town
    • University West of Florida
    • United Nations
    • University of Helsinki
    • Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation
    • Ahmadu Bello University
    • National Center for Child Health and Development
    • Ministry of Health
    • Semarang State University
    • Taipei Medical University
    • University of Adelaide
    • University of Lagos
    • Shanghai Jiao Tong University
    • Erasmus University Rotterdam
    • University of British Columbia
    • Alborz University of Medical Sciences
    • BRAC University
    • Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance
    • University of Göttingen
    • Yonsei University
    • Imperial College London
    • Public Health England
    • Maragheh University of Medical Sciences
    • All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
    • Marshall University
    • Case Western Reserve University
    • University of Belgrade
    • Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales
    • University of KwaZulu-Natal
    • Utkal University
    • University of Alabama at Birmingham
    • University of Stellenbosch
    • Debre Berhan University
    • Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
    • Norwegian Institute of Public Health
    • Ministério da Saúde do Brasil
    • Deakin University
    • Northwestern University
    • University of California at Irvine
    • University of Valencia
    • Wollo University
    • Hanoi Medical University
    • Federal Teaching Hospital
    • UKK Institute
    • Higher School of Economics
    • Federal Institute for Population Research
    • Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
    • The University of Hong Kong
    • Kyoto University
    • Jackson State University
    • Tsinghua University
    • University Hospital of Setif
    • A.C.S. Medical College and Hospital
    • Mansoura University

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    268 Citations (SciVal)
    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)792-814
    Number of pages23
    JournalJAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association
    Volume320
    Issue number8
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished (VoR) - 28 Aug 2018

    Funding

    completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Ms Ayala Quintanilla reports receipt of support to her institution (the Judith Lumley Centre of La Trobe University) from PRONABEC (the national program of scholarship and educational loan) to support current study of her doctoral course. Dr Kieling reports receipt of authorship royalties from Brazilian publishers Artmed and Manole. Dr Larson reports that her research group has a contract with GlaxoSmithKline for a 15-country study on vaccine acceptance during pregnancy and receipt of funds for convening a research symposium from Merck. Mr Matzopoulos reports serving on the board (unpaid) of Gun Free South Africa. Dr Singh reports receipt of consultancy fees from Savient, Takeda, Regeneron, Merz, Iroko, bioiberica, Crealta/Horizon, allergan, fidia, UBM LLC, WebMD, and the American College of Rheumatology; grants to his institution from Takeda and Savient; serving as the principal investigator for a study funded by Horizon Pharmaceuticals through a grant to DINORA; and serving on the steering committee of OMERACT (Outcome Measures in Rheumatology). Dr Stein reports receipt of personal fees from Lundbeck, Biocodex, Servier, and SUN outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported. Affiliations of The Global Burden of Disease 2016 Injury Collaborators: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle (Naghavi, Marczak, Kutz, Shackelford, M. Arora, Miller-Petrie, Bennett, L. Dandona, R. Dandona, Dharmaratne, Feigin, Foreman, Fullman, Hawley, James, Khalil, Krohn, Larson, Salama, Hay, Lim, Lopez, Mokdad, Vos, Murray); Higher National School of Veterinary Medicine, Algiers, Algeria (Aichour); Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (Akseer, Bhutta); Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Al-Raddadi); School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia (Alam); Department of Population Health, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Alghnam); Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines (Antonio); Department of Public and Community Health, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, England (Aremu); School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia (A. Arora); Oral Health Services, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia (A. Arora); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Asadi-Lari); International Relations Department, Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran (Asadi-Lari); Education Development Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (Assadi); Department of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia (Atey); Center of Health System Research, The National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico (Avila-Burgos); Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India (Awasthi); Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India (Awasthi, L. Dandona, R. Dandona, Kumar); The Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Ayala Quintanilla); General Office for Research and Technological Transfer, Peruvian National Institute of Health, Lima, Peru (Ayala Quintanilla); School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (Barker-Collo); Institute of Public Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Bärnighausen, Mohammed); Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts (Bärnighausen); Department of Psychiatry, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California (Bazargan-Hejazi); Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles (Bazargan-Hejazi); Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorranmabad, Iran (M. Behzadifar); Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorranmabad, Iran (M. Behzadifar); Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (Bhalla); Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (Bhutta); School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Bilal); Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico (Borges); Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Borschmann); Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Borschmann); Institute of Epidemiology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia (Brazinova); National Institute of Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico (Campuzano Rincon); Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Valle de Cuernavaca, Cuernavaca, Mexico (Campuzano Rincon); Ucibio, Requimte, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (Carvalho); Colombian National Health Observatory, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogota, Colombia (Castañeda-Orjuela); Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (Castañeda-Orjuela); Department of Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (Dargan); Department of Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (Dargan); Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, QLD, Australia (De Leo); Department of Community Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka (Dharmaratne); Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts (Ding); Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam (Phuc Do, Tat Nguyen, Le Nguyen, Thanh Tran); Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana (Doku); Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland (Doku); School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University (RMIT), Bundoora, VIC, Australia (Doyle); Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (Driscoll); School of Pharmacy, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia (Edessa); Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (El-Khatib); Department of Public Health, Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Endries); Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Esteghamati); Department of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Brazil (Faro); Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Funding/Support: This study was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1152504). Funding for this research was provided by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

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