Influence of biodiesel fuel composition on the morphology and microstructure of particles emitted from diesel engines

N. Savic; M.M. Rahman; B. Miljevic; H. Saathoff; K.H. Naumann; T. Leisner; J. Riches; B. Gupta; N. Motta; Z.D. Ristovski

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2016.03.061

Influence of biodiesel fuel composition on the morphology and microstructure of particles emitted from diesel engines

N. Savic, M.M. Rahman, B. Miljevic, H. Saathoff, K.H. Naumann, T. Leisner, J. Riches, B. Gupta, N. Motta, Z.D. Ristovski

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

84 Citations (SciVal)

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	179-189
Number of pages	11
Journal	Carbon
Volume	104
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2016.03.061
Publication status	Published (VoR) - 2016

Keywords

Agglomeration
Algae
Biodiesel
Blending
Carbon
Chemical analysis
Cottonseed oil
Diesel fuels
Engines
Exhaust systems (engine)
Fractal dimension
Fractals
High resolution transmission electron microscopy
Microstructure
Oils and fats
Oilseeds
Oxygen
Particle size
Soot
X ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Chemical compositions
Exhaust particles
Morphological changes
Primary particle size
Primary particles
State of agglomeration
Structural disorders
Waste cooking oil
Diesel engines

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10.1016/j.carbon.2016.03.061

https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84962851375&doi=10.1016%2fj.carbon.2016.03.061&partnerID=40&md5=ca24a480280bdbbb5c652ad21b7d993b

Cite this

@article{32376a8adecd418794ca763976dd7e7b,

title = "Influence of biodiesel fuel composition on the morphology and microstructure of particles emitted from diesel engines",

keywords = "Agglomeration, Algae, Biodiesel, Blending, Carbon, Chemical analysis, Cottonseed oil, Diesel fuels, Engines, Exhaust systems (engine), Fractal dimension, Fractals, High resolution transmission electron microscopy, Microstructure, Oils and fats, Oilseeds, Oxygen, Particle size, Soot, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Chemical compositions, Exhaust particles, Morphological changes, Primary particle size, Primary particles, State of agglomeration, Structural disorders, Waste cooking oil, Diesel engines",

author = "N. Savic and M.M. Rahman and B. Miljevic and H. Saathoff and K.H. Naumann and T. Leisner and J. Riches and B. Gupta and N. Motta and Z.D. Ristovski",

note = "Cited By :72 Export Date: 17 February 2023 CODEN: CRBNA Correspondence Address: Ristovski, Z.D.; ILAQH, Australia; email: [email protected] References: Majewski, W.A., (2013) Diesel Particulate Matter, , https://www.dieselnet.com/tech/dpm.php, DieselNet Technol. Guide Copyright {\textcopyright} Ecopoint Inc. Revis. 201308b; Cassee, F.R., H{\'e}roux, M.E., Gerlofs-Nijland, M.E., Kelly, F.J., Particulate matter beyond mass: Recent health evidence on the role of fractions, chemical constituents and sources of emission (2013) Inhal. Toxicol., 25 (14), pp. 802-812; Cheng, T., Wu, Y., Chen, H., Effects of morphology on the radiative properties of internally mixed light absorbing carbon aerosols with different aging status (2014) Opt. Express, 22 (13), pp. 15904-15917; Wu, Y., Cheng, T., Gu, X., Zheng, L., Chen, H., Xu, H., The single scattering properties of soot aggregates with concentric core-shell spherical monomers (2014) J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf., 135, pp. 9-19; Giechaskiel, B., Alfoldy, B., Drossinos, Y., A metric for health effects studies of diesel exhaust particles (2009) J. Aerosol Sci., 40 (8), pp. 639-651; Lapuerta, M., Oliva, F., Agudelo, J.R., Boehman, A.L., Effect of fuel on the soot nanostructure and consequences on loading and regeneration of diesel particulate filters (2012) Combust. Flame, 159 (2), pp. 844-853; Lamharess, N., Millet, C.N., Starck, L., Jeudy, E., Lavy, J., Da Costa, P., Catalysed diesel particulate filter: Study of the reactivity of soot arising from biodiesel combustion (2011) Catal. Today, 176 (1), pp. 219-224; Lu, T., Cheung, C.S., Huang, Z., Effects of engine operating conditions on the size and nanostructure of diesel particles (2012) J. Aerosol Sci., 47, pp. 27-38; Mn, L., Ballesteros, R., Martos, F.J., The effect of diesel engine conditions on the size and morphology of soot particles (2009) Int. J. Veh. Des., 50 (1-4), pp. 91-106; Rahman, M., Pourkhesalian, A., Jahirul, M., Stevanovic, S., Pham, P., Wang, H., Particle emissions from biodiesels with different physical properties and chemical composition (2014) Fuel, 134 (C), pp. 201-208; Rahman, M.M., Stevanovic, S., Brown, R.J., Ristovski, Z., Influence of Different Alternative Fuels on Particle Emission from a Turbocharged Common-Rail Diesel Engine (2013) Procedia Eng., 56, pp. 381-386; Buono, D., Senatore, A., Prati, M.V., Particulate filter behaviour of a Diesel engine fueled with biodiesel (2012) Appl. Therm. Eng., 49, pp. 147-153; Barbier, P., Fasolo, B., Faucon, R., Vandenplas, J., A Study of the Effects of 30% Biodiesel Fuel on Soot Loading and Regeneration of a Catalytic DPF (2007) SAE Tech. Pap. 2007-01-2023; Song, J., Alam, M., Boehman, A.L., Miller, K., Characterization of Diesel and Biodiesel Soot ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, pp. 767-769. , Philadelphia, PA; Song, J., Alam, M., Boehman, A.L., Kim, U., Examination of the oxidation behavior of biodiesel soot (2006) Combust. Flame, 146 (4), pp. 589-604; Merchan-Merchan, W., Sanmiguel, S.G., McCollam, S., Analysis of soot particles derived from biodiesels and diesel fuel air-flames (2012) Fuel, 110, pp. 525-535; Matti Maricq, M., Physical and chemical comparison of soot in hydrocarbon and biodiesel fuel diffusion flames: A study of model and commercial fuels (2011) Combust. Flame, 158 (1), pp. 105-116; Surawski, N.C., Miljevic, B., Ayoko, G.A., Elbagir, S., Stevanovic, S., Fairfull-Smith, K.E., Physicochemical characterization of particulate emissions from a compression ignition engine: The influence of biodiesel feedstock (2011) Environ. Sci. Technol., 45 (24), pp. 10337-10343; La Rocca, A., Bonatesta, F., Fay, M.W., Campanella, F., Characterisation of soot in oil from a gasoline direct injection engine using transmission electron microscopy (2015) Tribol. Int., 86, pp. 77-84; Lapuerta, M., Martos, F.J., Herreros, J.M., Effect of engine operating conditions on the size of primary particles composing diesel soot agglomerates (2007) J. Aerosol Sci., 38 (4), pp. 455-466; Vander Wal, R.L., Tomasek, A.J., Pamphlet, M.I., Taylor, C.D., Thompson, W.K., Analysis of HRTEM images for carbon nanostructure quantification (2004) J. Nanopart Res., 6 (6), pp. 555-568; Islam, M.A., Rahman, M.M., Heimann, K., Nabi, M.N., Ristovski, Z.D., Dowell, A., Combustion analysis of microalgae methyl ester in a common rail direct injection diesel engine (2015) Fuel, 143, pp. 351-360; Rahman, M.M., Stevanovic, S., Islam, M.A., Heimann, K., Nabi, M.N., Thomas, G., Particle emissions from microalgae biodiesel combustion and their relative oxidative potential (2015) Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts, 17, pp. 1601-1610; Ouf, F., Yon, J., Ausset, P., Coppalle, A., Maille, M., Influence of sampling and storage protocol on fractal morphology of soot studied by transmission electron microscopy (2010) Aerosol Sci. Technol., 44 (11), pp. 1005-1017; Mustafi, N.N., Raine, R.R., Electron microscopy investigation of particulate matter from a dual fuel engine (2009) Aerosol Sci. Technol., 43 (9), pp. 951-960; Brasil, A., Farias, T.L., Carvalho, M., A recipe for image characterization of fractal-like aggregates (1999) J. Aerosol Sci., 30 (10), pp. 1379-1389; Wozniak, M., Onofri, F., Barbosa, S., Yon, J., Mroczka, J., Comparison of methods to derive morphological parameters of multi-fractal samples of particle aggregates from TEM images (2012) J. Aerosol Sci., 47, pp. 12-26; Wentzel, M., Gorzawski, H., Naumann, K.-H., Saathoff, H., Weinbruch, S., Transmission electron microscopical and aerosol dynamical characterization of soot aerosols (2003) J. Aerosol Sci., 34 (10), pp. 1347-1370; Estrade-Szwarckopf, H., XPS photoemission in carbonaceous materials: A {"}defect{"} peak beside the graphitic asymmetric peak (2004) Carbon, 42 (8), pp. 1713-1721; Pham, P.X., Bodisco, T.A., Stevanovic, S., Rahman, M.D., Wang, H., Ristovski, Z.D., Engine performance characteristics for biodiesels of different degrees of saturation and carbon chain lengths (2013) SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr., 6 (1), pp. 188-198; Park, K., Kittelson, D.B., McMurry, P.H., Structural properties of diesel exhaust particles measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM): Relationships to particle mass and mobility (2004) Aerosol Sci. Technol., 38 (9), pp. 881-889; Tzamkiozis, T., Ntziachristos, L., Mamakos, A., Fontaras, G., Samaras, Z., Aerodynamic and mobility size distribution measurements to reveal biodiesel effects on diesel exhaust aerosol (2011) Aerosol Sci. Technol., 45 (5), pp. 587-595; Neer, A., Koylu, U.O., Effect of operating conditions on the size, morphology, and concentration of submicrometer particulates emitted from a diesel engine (2006) Combust. Flame, 146 (1), pp. 142-154; Salamanca, M., Mondrag{\'o}n, F., Agudelo, J.R., Benjumea, P., Santamar{\'i}a, A., Variations in the chemical composition and morphology of soot induced by the unsaturation degree of biodiesel and a biodiesel blend (2012) Combust. Flame, 159 (3), pp. 1100-1108; Choi, S., Myung, C., Park, S., Review on characterization of nano-particle emissions and PM morphology from internal combustion engines: Part 2 (2014) Int. J. Automot. Technol., 15 (2), pp. 219-227; Seong, H., Lee, K.O., Choi, S., Adams, C., Foster, D.E., Characterization of particulate morphology, nanostructures, and sizes in low-temperature combustion with biofuels (2012) SAE Tech. Pap. 2012-01-0441; Man, X.J., Cheung, C.S., Ning, Z., Yung, K.F., Effect of waste cooking oil biodiesel on the properties of particulate from a di diesel engine (2015) Aerosol Sci. Technol., 49 (4), pp. 199-209; Liati, A., Spiteri, A., Dimopoulos Eggenschwiler, P., Vogel-Sch{\"a}uble, N., Microscopic investigation of soot and ash particulate matter derived from biofuel and diesel: Implications for the reactivity of soot (2012) J. Nanopart Res., 14 (11), pp. 1-18; Yehliu, K., Vander Wal, R.L., Boehman, A.L., Development of an HRTEM image analysis method to quantify carbon nanostructure (2011) Combust. Flame, 158 (9), pp. 1837-1851; Jaramillo, I.C., Gaddam, C.K., Vander Wal, R.L., Huang, C.-H., Levinthal, J.D., Lighty, J.S., Soot oxidation kinetics under pressurized conditions (2014) Combust. Flame, 161 (11), pp. 2951-2965; Yehliu, K., Vander Wal, R.L., Armas, O., Boehman, A.L., Impact of fuel formulation on the nanostructure and reactivity of diesel soot (2012) Combust. Flame, 159 (12), pp. 3597-3606; Ruiz, F.A., Cadrazco, M., L{\'o}pez, A.F., Sanchez-Valdepe{\~n}as, J., Agudelo, J.R., Impact of dual-fuel combustion with n-butanol or hydrous ethanol on the oxidation reactivity and nanostructure of diesel particulate matter (2015) Fuel, 161, pp. 18-25; Zhang, Y., Boehman, A.L., Oxidation behavior of soot generated from the combustion of methyl 2-butenoate in a co-flow diffusion flame (2013) Combust. Flame, 160 (1), pp. 112-119; Shibuta, Y., Elliott, J.A., Interaction between two graphene sheets with a turbostratic orientational relationship (2011) Chem. Phys. Lett., 512 (4), pp. 146-150; Vander Wal, R.L., Bryg, V.M., Hays, M.D., Fingerprinting soot (towards source identification): Physical structure and chemical composition (2010) J. Aerosol Sci., 41 (1), pp. 108-117; Bryg, V., Vander Wal, R., Jet soot: Chemical and structural characterization via XPS and HRTEM (2009) Microsc. Microanal., 15 (S2), pp. 1032-1033; Mizokawa, Y., Miyasato, T., Nakamura, S., Geib, K.M., Wilmsen, C.W., Comparison of the CKLL first-derivative auger spectra from XPS and AES using diamond, graphite, SiC and diamond-like-carbon films (1987) Surf. Sci., 182 (3), pp. 431-438; Gaudin, J., Chalupsk{\'y}, J., Toufarov{\'a}, M., Vy{\v s}{\'i}n, L., H{\'a}jkov{\'a}, V., Sobierajski, R., (2011) Solid-to-solid Phase Transition from Amorphous Carbon to Graphite Nanocrystal Induced by Intense Femtosecond X-ray Pulses, , arXiv Prepr. arXiv:11112134; Frank, B., Schuster, M.E., Schl{\"o}gl, R., Su, D.S., Emission of highly activated soot particulate - The other side of the coin with modern diesel engines (2013) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 52 (10), pp. 2673-2677; Chiang, I., Brinson, B., Huang, A., Willis, P., Bronikowski, M., Margrave, J., Purification and characterization of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) obtained from the gas-phase decomposition of CO (HiPco process) (2001) J. Phys. Chem. B, 105 (35), pp. 8297-8301; Vander Wal, R., Bryg, V., Particle Characterization of Environmental Soots via HRTEM and XPS Techniques (2010) Microsc. Microanal., 16 (S2), pp. 1936-1937; M{\"u}ller, J.-O., Su, D.S., Jentoft, R.E., Wild, U., Schl{\"o}gl, R., Diesel engine exhaust emission: Oxidative behavior and microstructure of black smoke soot particulate (2006) Environ. Sci. Technol., 40 (4), pp. 1231-1236; Song, J., Alam, M., Boehman, A.L., Impact of alternative fuels on soot properties and DPF regeneration (2007) Combust. Sci. Technol., 179 (9), pp. 1991-2037",

year = "2016",

doi = "10.1016/j.carbon.2016.03.061",

language = "English",

volume = "104",

pages = "179--189",

journal = "Carbon",

issn = "0008-6223",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Influence of biodiesel fuel composition on the morphology and microstructure of particles emitted from diesel engines

AU - Savic, N.

AU - Rahman, M.M.

AU - Miljevic, B.

AU - Saathoff, H.

AU - Naumann, K.H.

AU - Leisner, T.

AU - Riches, J.

AU - Gupta, B.

AU - Motta, N.

AU - Ristovski, Z.D.

N1 - Cited By :72 Export Date: 17 February 2023 CODEN: CRBNA Correspondence Address: Ristovski, Z.D.; ILAQH, Australia; email: [email protected] References: Majewski, W.A., (2013) Diesel Particulate Matter, , https://www.dieselnet.com/tech/dpm.php, DieselNet Technol. Guide Copyright © Ecopoint Inc. Revis. 201308b; Cassee, F.R., Héroux, M.E., Gerlofs-Nijland, M.E., Kelly, F.J., Particulate matter beyond mass: Recent health evidence on the role of fractions, chemical constituents and sources of emission (2013) Inhal. Toxicol., 25 (14), pp. 802-812; Cheng, T., Wu, Y., Chen, H., Effects of morphology on the radiative properties of internally mixed light absorbing carbon aerosols with different aging status (2014) Opt. Express, 22 (13), pp. 15904-15917; Wu, Y., Cheng, T., Gu, X., Zheng, L., Chen, H., Xu, H., The single scattering properties of soot aggregates with concentric core-shell spherical monomers (2014) J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf., 135, pp. 9-19; Giechaskiel, B., Alfoldy, B., Drossinos, Y., A metric for health effects studies of diesel exhaust particles (2009) J. Aerosol Sci., 40 (8), pp. 639-651; Lapuerta, M., Oliva, F., Agudelo, J.R., Boehman, A.L., Effect of fuel on the soot nanostructure and consequences on loading and regeneration of diesel particulate filters (2012) Combust. Flame, 159 (2), pp. 844-853; Lamharess, N., Millet, C.N., Starck, L., Jeudy, E., Lavy, J., Da Costa, P., Catalysed diesel particulate filter: Study of the reactivity of soot arising from biodiesel combustion (2011) Catal. Today, 176 (1), pp. 219-224; Lu, T., Cheung, C.S., Huang, Z., Effects of engine operating conditions on the size and nanostructure of diesel particles (2012) J. Aerosol Sci., 47, pp. 27-38; Mn, L., Ballesteros, R., Martos, F.J., The effect of diesel engine conditions on the size and morphology of soot particles (2009) Int. J. Veh. Des., 50 (1-4), pp. 91-106; Rahman, M., Pourkhesalian, A., Jahirul, M., Stevanovic, S., Pham, P., Wang, H., Particle emissions from biodiesels with different physical properties and chemical composition (2014) Fuel, 134 (C), pp. 201-208; Rahman, M.M., Stevanovic, S., Brown, R.J., Ristovski, Z., Influence of Different Alternative Fuels on Particle Emission from a Turbocharged Common-Rail Diesel Engine (2013) Procedia Eng., 56, pp. 381-386; Buono, D., Senatore, A., Prati, M.V., Particulate filter behaviour of a Diesel engine fueled with biodiesel (2012) Appl. Therm. Eng., 49, pp. 147-153; Barbier, P., Fasolo, B., Faucon, R., Vandenplas, J., A Study of the Effects of 30% Biodiesel Fuel on Soot Loading and Regeneration of a Catalytic DPF (2007) SAE Tech. Pap. 2007-01-2023; Song, J., Alam, M., Boehman, A.L., Miller, K., Characterization of Diesel and Biodiesel Soot ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, pp. 767-769. , Philadelphia, PA; Song, J., Alam, M., Boehman, A.L., Kim, U., Examination of the oxidation behavior of biodiesel soot (2006) Combust. Flame, 146 (4), pp. 589-604; Merchan-Merchan, W., Sanmiguel, S.G., McCollam, S., Analysis of soot particles derived from biodiesels and diesel fuel air-flames (2012) Fuel, 110, pp. 525-535; Matti Maricq, M., Physical and chemical comparison of soot in hydrocarbon and biodiesel fuel diffusion flames: A study of model and commercial fuels (2011) Combust. Flame, 158 (1), pp. 105-116; Surawski, N.C., Miljevic, B., Ayoko, G.A., Elbagir, S., Stevanovic, S., Fairfull-Smith, K.E., Physicochemical characterization of particulate emissions from a compression ignition engine: The influence of biodiesel feedstock (2011) Environ. Sci. Technol., 45 (24), pp. 10337-10343; La Rocca, A., Bonatesta, F., Fay, M.W., Campanella, F., Characterisation of soot in oil from a gasoline direct injection engine using transmission electron microscopy (2015) Tribol. Int., 86, pp. 77-84; Lapuerta, M., Martos, F.J., Herreros, J.M., Effect of engine operating conditions on the size of primary particles composing diesel soot agglomerates (2007) J. Aerosol Sci., 38 (4), pp. 455-466; Vander Wal, R.L., Tomasek, A.J., Pamphlet, M.I., Taylor, C.D., Thompson, W.K., Analysis of HRTEM images for carbon nanostructure quantification (2004) J. Nanopart Res., 6 (6), pp. 555-568; Islam, M.A., Rahman, M.M., Heimann, K., Nabi, M.N., Ristovski, Z.D., Dowell, A., Combustion analysis of microalgae methyl ester in a common rail direct injection diesel engine (2015) Fuel, 143, pp. 351-360; Rahman, M.M., Stevanovic, S., Islam, M.A., Heimann, K., Nabi, M.N., Thomas, G., Particle emissions from microalgae biodiesel combustion and their relative oxidative potential (2015) Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts, 17, pp. 1601-1610; Ouf, F., Yon, J., Ausset, P., Coppalle, A., Maille, M., Influence of sampling and storage protocol on fractal morphology of soot studied by transmission electron microscopy (2010) Aerosol Sci. Technol., 44 (11), pp. 1005-1017; Mustafi, N.N., Raine, R.R., Electron microscopy investigation of particulate matter from a dual fuel engine (2009) Aerosol Sci. Technol., 43 (9), pp. 951-960; Brasil, A., Farias, T.L., Carvalho, M., A recipe for image characterization of fractal-like aggregates (1999) J. Aerosol Sci., 30 (10), pp. 1379-1389; Wozniak, M., Onofri, F., Barbosa, S., Yon, J., Mroczka, J., Comparison of methods to derive morphological parameters of multi-fractal samples of particle aggregates from TEM images (2012) J. Aerosol Sci., 47, pp. 12-26; Wentzel, M., Gorzawski, H., Naumann, K.-H., Saathoff, H., Weinbruch, S., Transmission electron microscopical and aerosol dynamical characterization of soot aerosols (2003) J. Aerosol Sci., 34 (10), pp. 1347-1370; Estrade-Szwarckopf, H., XPS photoemission in carbonaceous materials: A "defect" peak beside the graphitic asymmetric peak (2004) Carbon, 42 (8), pp. 1713-1721; Pham, P.X., Bodisco, T.A., Stevanovic, S., Rahman, M.D., Wang, H., Ristovski, Z.D., Engine performance characteristics for biodiesels of different degrees of saturation and carbon chain lengths (2013) SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr., 6 (1), pp. 188-198; Park, K., Kittelson, D.B., McMurry, P.H., Structural properties of diesel exhaust particles measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM): Relationships to particle mass and mobility (2004) Aerosol Sci. Technol., 38 (9), pp. 881-889; Tzamkiozis, T., Ntziachristos, L., Mamakos, A., Fontaras, G., Samaras, Z., Aerodynamic and mobility size distribution measurements to reveal biodiesel effects on diesel exhaust aerosol (2011) Aerosol Sci. Technol., 45 (5), pp. 587-595; Neer, A., Koylu, U.O., Effect of operating conditions on the size, morphology, and concentration of submicrometer particulates emitted from a diesel engine (2006) Combust. Flame, 146 (1), pp. 142-154; Salamanca, M., Mondragón, F., Agudelo, J.R., Benjumea, P., Santamaría, A., Variations in the chemical composition and morphology of soot induced by the unsaturation degree of biodiesel and a biodiesel blend (2012) Combust. Flame, 159 (3), pp. 1100-1108; Choi, S., Myung, C., Park, S., Review on characterization of nano-particle emissions and PM morphology from internal combustion engines: Part 2 (2014) Int. J. Automot. Technol., 15 (2), pp. 219-227; Seong, H., Lee, K.O., Choi, S., Adams, C., Foster, D.E., Characterization of particulate morphology, nanostructures, and sizes in low-temperature combustion with biofuels (2012) SAE Tech. Pap. 2012-01-0441; Man, X.J., Cheung, C.S., Ning, Z., Yung, K.F., Effect of waste cooking oil biodiesel on the properties of particulate from a di diesel engine (2015) Aerosol Sci. Technol., 49 (4), pp. 199-209; Liati, A., Spiteri, A., Dimopoulos Eggenschwiler, P., Vogel-Schäuble, N., Microscopic investigation of soot and ash particulate matter derived from biofuel and diesel: Implications for the reactivity of soot (2012) J. Nanopart Res., 14 (11), pp. 1-18; Yehliu, K., Vander Wal, R.L., Boehman, A.L., Development of an HRTEM image analysis method to quantify carbon nanostructure (2011) Combust. Flame, 158 (9), pp. 1837-1851; Jaramillo, I.C., Gaddam, C.K., Vander Wal, R.L., Huang, C.-H., Levinthal, J.D., Lighty, J.S., Soot oxidation kinetics under pressurized conditions (2014) Combust. Flame, 161 (11), pp. 2951-2965; Yehliu, K., Vander Wal, R.L., Armas, O., Boehman, A.L., Impact of fuel formulation on the nanostructure and reactivity of diesel soot (2012) Combust. Flame, 159 (12), pp. 3597-3606; Ruiz, F.A., Cadrazco, M., López, A.F., Sanchez-Valdepeñas, J., Agudelo, J.R., Impact of dual-fuel combustion with n-butanol or hydrous ethanol on the oxidation reactivity and nanostructure of diesel particulate matter (2015) Fuel, 161, pp. 18-25; Zhang, Y., Boehman, A.L., Oxidation behavior of soot generated from the combustion of methyl 2-butenoate in a co-flow diffusion flame (2013) Combust. Flame, 160 (1), pp. 112-119; Shibuta, Y., Elliott, J.A., Interaction between two graphene sheets with a turbostratic orientational relationship (2011) Chem. Phys. Lett., 512 (4), pp. 146-150; Vander Wal, R.L., Bryg, V.M., Hays, M.D., Fingerprinting soot (towards source identification): Physical structure and chemical composition (2010) J. Aerosol Sci., 41 (1), pp. 108-117; Bryg, V., Vander Wal, R., Jet soot: Chemical and structural characterization via XPS and HRTEM (2009) Microsc. Microanal., 15 (S2), pp. 1032-1033; Mizokawa, Y., Miyasato, T., Nakamura, S., Geib, K.M., Wilmsen, C.W., Comparison of the CKLL first-derivative auger spectra from XPS and AES using diamond, graphite, SiC and diamond-like-carbon films (1987) Surf. Sci., 182 (3), pp. 431-438; Gaudin, J., Chalupský, J., Toufarová, M., Vyšín, L., Hájková, V., Sobierajski, R., (2011) Solid-to-solid Phase Transition from Amorphous Carbon to Graphite Nanocrystal Induced by Intense Femtosecond X-ray Pulses, , arXiv Prepr. arXiv:11112134; Frank, B., Schuster, M.E., Schlögl, R., Su, D.S., Emission of highly activated soot particulate - The other side of the coin with modern diesel engines (2013) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 52 (10), pp. 2673-2677; Chiang, I., Brinson, B., Huang, A., Willis, P., Bronikowski, M., Margrave, J., Purification and characterization of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) obtained from the gas-phase decomposition of CO (HiPco process) (2001) J. Phys. Chem. B, 105 (35), pp. 8297-8301; Vander Wal, R., Bryg, V., Particle Characterization of Environmental Soots via HRTEM and XPS Techniques (2010) Microsc. Microanal., 16 (S2), pp. 1936-1937; Müller, J.-O., Su, D.S., Jentoft, R.E., Wild, U., Schlögl, R., Diesel engine exhaust emission: Oxidative behavior and microstructure of black smoke soot particulate (2006) Environ. Sci. Technol., 40 (4), pp. 1231-1236; Song, J., Alam, M., Boehman, A.L., Impact of alternative fuels on soot properties and DPF regeneration (2007) Combust. Sci. Technol., 179 (9), pp. 1991-2037

PY - 2016

Y1 - 2016

KW - Agglomeration

KW - Algae

KW - Biodiesel

KW - Blending

KW - Carbon

KW - Chemical analysis

KW - Cottonseed oil

KW - Diesel fuels

KW - Engines

KW - Exhaust systems (engine)

KW - Fractal dimension

KW - Fractals

KW - High resolution transmission electron microscopy

KW - Microstructure

KW - Oils and fats

KW - Oilseeds

KW - Oxygen

KW - Particle size

KW - Soot

KW - X ray photoelectron spectroscopy

KW - Chemical compositions

KW - Exhaust particles

KW - Morphological changes

KW - Primary particle size

KW - Primary particles

KW - State of agglomeration

KW - Structural disorders

KW - Waste cooking oil

KW - Diesel engines

U2 - 10.1016/j.carbon.2016.03.061

DO - 10.1016/j.carbon.2016.03.061

M3 - Article

SN - 0008-6223

VL - 104

SP - 179

EP - 189

JO - Carbon

JF - Carbon

ER -