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Mapping age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence in adults in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2018

  • on behalf of Local Burden of Disease sub-Saharan Africa HIV Prevalence Collaborators
    • University of Washington
    • Tehran University of Medical Sciences
    • Sree Narayana Guru College Chelannur
    • Hamedan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
    • University of Ibadan
    • Cardiff University
    • University of Saskatchewan
    • Federal Ministry of Health
    • King Edward Memorial Hospital
    • Institute of Public Health
    • University of Technology Sydney
    • Imperial College London
    • Jimma University Ethiopia
    • University of South Australia
    • Gondar University
    • Newcastle University
    • The Intercountry Centre for Oral Health (ICOH) for Africa
    • Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN
    • Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
    • Curtin University
    • Telethon Kids Institute
    • University of Health and Allied Sciences
    • Iran University of Medical Sciences
    • Arak University of Medical Sciences
    • Universidad de la Costa
    • Universidad de Cartagena
    • Khomein University of Medical Sciences
    • African Population and Health Research Center
    • Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
    • Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
    • Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences
    • Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
    • Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
    • Bahar Dar University
    • Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
    • Zanjan University of Medical Sciences
    • Addis Ababa University
    • La Trobe University
    • Universidad de San Martín de Porres
    • Centre for Health Policy Advocacy Innovation & Research in Africa (CHPAIR-Africa)
    • Debre Berhan University
    • Manipal Academy of Higher Education
    • University of KwaZulu-Natal
    • University of Lagos
    • Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin
    • Medical University of Łódź
    • Institute of Polish Mother's Health Center
    • Heidelberg University 
    • Harvard University
    • Tufts University
    • Charles University
    • United Arab Emirates University
    • All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur
    • National Institute of Biomedical Genomics
    • University of Calcutta
    • Babol University of Medical Sciences
    • St. Paul‘s Hospital Millennium Medical College
    • Islamic Azad University
    • University of Zagreb
    • London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
    • University of Waterloo
    • Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital
    • Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana
    • University of Porto
    • Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences
    • Saveetha University
    • BRAC University
    • University of South Carolina
    • Vietnam National University, Hanoi
    • University of The Free State
    • University of Milan
    • Case Western Reserve University
    • University of Cape Coast Ghana
    • University of Human Development
    • Griffith University Queensland
    • Wellcome Trust
    • Save the Children
    • Karolinska Institutet
    • University of Peradeniya
    • Maastricht University
    • Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
    • Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
    • Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa
    • Urmia University of Medical Sciences
    • Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education
    • University of Belgrade
    • Hawassa University
    • Alexandria University
    • Cairo University
    • York University Toronto
    • Autonomous University of Barcelona
    • IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute
    • Institut Pasteur du Maroc
    • Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
    • Torrens University Australia
    • Institute of Resource Governance and Social Change
    • Kaiser Permanente
    • Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine
    • Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
    • NAMS - Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology
    • Abadan University of Medical Sciences
    • Kobe University
    • Cleveland Clinic Foundation
    • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
    • Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
    • Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
    • Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar
    • University of Sulaimani
    • Saint James School of Medicine
    • Universidade Federal de Goiás
    • University of Georgia
    • Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
    • Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University
    • Jigjiga University
    • Guilan University of Medical Sciences
    • Independent Consultant
    • University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
    • Xi'an Jiaotong University
    • The Bucharest University of Economic Studies
    • London South Bank University
    • The University of Hong Kong
    • Duy Tan University
    • China Medical University Taichung
    • University of Kragujevac
    • Monash University
    • University of Pretoria
    • Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
    • Hosei University
    • Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College & Hospital
    • Banaras Hindu University
    • Tsinghua University
    • Indian Council of Medical Research
    • University of Opole
    • University of Maryland, Baltimore
    • Utrecht University
    • Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
    • Health Services Academy
    • Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University
    • Sheffield Hallam University
    • Ohio University
    • New Mexico State University
    • Xiamen University
    • Kristiania University College
    • Tulane University
    • Oslo Metropolitan University
    • University of British Columbia
    • Arthritis Research Canada
    • Independent Consultant
    • Kasturba Medical College
    • Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM)
    • ICREA
    • Panjab University
    • University of Montreal
    • University of Environment and Sustainable Development
    • University of Nairobi
    • University College London
    • University of Indonesia
    • Public Health Foundation of India
    • Institute of Medical Sciences
    • Ministry of Health
    • Father Muller Medical College Hospital
    • University of Leicester
    • Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
    • Yeshiva University
    • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
    • Federal Institute of Education
    • United Nations
    • University of Helsinki
    • Zora Profozic Polyclinic
    • University North
    • Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences
    • University of California at San Francisco
    • King Saud University
    • Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences
    • University of Mississippi
    • Mizan-Tepi University
    • Ahmadu Bello University
    • Technical University of Berlin
    • King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
    • Wuhan University
    • Flinders University
    • Research and Analytics Department
    • Bioinsilico Technologies
    • Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
    • Kursk State Medical University
    • University of Central Punjab
    • Makerere University
    • Bucharest Emergency Hospital
    • Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elders and Children, Tanzania
    • Université de Yaoundé I
    • University of Embu
    • South African Medical Research Council
    • University of Cape Town
    • University of Adelaide
    • National Hospital Abuja
    • University of Liverpool
    • University of Bucharest
    • University of Utah
    • McMaster University
    • National AIDS Control Committee
    • Centre for Healthy Start Initiative
    • University of Nigeria
    • University of Port Harcourt
    • Higher School of Economics
    • Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Academy of Health Education and Research
    • Center for Health Outcomes & Evaluation
    • Nepal Health Research Council
    • Public Health Research Society Nepal
    • University of Melbourne
    • Murdoch Children's Research Institute
    • Yale University
    • New York University
    • University of Groningen
    • National Institute of Infectious Diseases
    • Macquarie University
    • Pohang University of Science and Technology
    • University of Central Florida
    • National Yunlin University of Science and Technology
    • McGill University
    • South Asian Institute for Social Transformation (SAIST)
    • Policy Research Institute
    • Global Center for Research and Development
    • Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital
    • Public Health England
    • Boston University
    • Haramaya University
    • Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)
    • Mohammed VI Polytechnic University
    • Universidad ICESI
    • National Institute for Medical Research Tanga
    • University of Botswana
    • All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
    • Madda Walabu University
    • Ain Shams University
    • University of Oxford
    • Hamad Medical Corporation
    • Bournemouth University
    • James Cook University Queensland
    • An-Najah National University
    • Independent Consultant
    • University of Borås
    • Yonsei University
    • University of Alabama at Birmingham
    • Department of Veterans Affairs
    • Moscow Research and Practical Centre on Addictions
    • Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
    • Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization
    • Arba Minch University
    • Egas Moniz - Cooperative of Higher Education, CRL
    • University of Lisbon
    • Mekelle University
    • Universidade de São Paulo
    • Modestum LTD
    • Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki
    • IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi - Milano
    • University of Bologna
    • S. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic
    • Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City
    • Nguyen Tat Thanh University
    • Foundation University Medical College
    • Northeastern University
    • King's College London
    • University of Rajarata
    • University of Ottawa
    • National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Kodaira
    • Juntendo University
    • Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
    • Wuhan University of Science and Technology

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    42 Citations (SciVal)
    Original languageEnglish
    Article number488
    JournalBMC Medicine
    Volume20
    Issue number1
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished (VoR) - Dec 2022

    Funding

    S Afzal acknowledges support of the Pakistan Society of Medical Infectious Diseases and King Edward Medical University to access the relevant data of HIV from various sources. T W Bärnighausen was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. F Carvalho and E Fernandes acknowledge support from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), I.P., in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences - UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy - i4HB; FCT/MCTES (Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior) through the project UIDB/50006/2020. K Deribe acknowledges support by the Wellcome Trust [grant number 201900/Z/16/Z] as part of his International Intermediate Fellowship. C Herteliu and A Pana are partially supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. Claudiu Herteliu is partially supported by a grant of the Romanian Ministry of Research Innovation and Digitalization, MCID, project number ID-585-CTR-42-PFE-2021. Y J Kim acknowledges support by the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia [No. XMUMRF/2020-C6/ITCM/0004]. S L Koulmane Laxminarayana acknowledges institutional support by the Manipal Academy of Higher Education. K Krishan acknowledges non-financial support from UGC Centre of Advanced Study, CAS II, Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. M Kumar would like to acknowledge NIH/FIC K43 TW010716-04. I Landires is a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), supported by the Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT), Panama. V Nuñez-Samudio is a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), which is supported by Panama’s Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT). O O Odukoya was supported by the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health under the Award Number K43TW010704. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Z Quazi Syed acknowledges support from JNMC, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences. A I Ribeiro was supported by National Funds through FCT, under the ‘Stimulus of Scientific Employment – Individual Support’ program within the contract CEECIND/02386/2018. A M Samy acknowledges the support from a fellowship of the Egyptian Fulbright Mission program and Ain Shams University. R Shrestha acknowledges support from NIDA K01 Award: K01DA051346. N Taveira acknowledges support from FCT and Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN) - Portugal Collaborative Research Network in Portuguese speaking countries in Africa (project reference: 332821690), and by the European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP), UE (project reference: RIA2016MC-1615). B Unnikrishnan acknowledges support from Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. LBD sub-Saharan Africa HIV Prevalence Collaborators S Afzal acknowledges support of the Pakistan Society of Medical Infectious Diseases and King Edward Medical University to access the relevant data of HIV from various sources. T W Bärnighausen was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. F Carvalho and E Fernandes acknowledge support from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), I.P., in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences - UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy - i4HB; FCT/MCTES (Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior) through the project UIDB/50006/2020. K Deribe acknowledges support by the Wellcome Trust [grant number 201900/Z/16/Z] as part of his International Intermediate Fellowship. C Herteliu and A Pana are partially supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. Claudiu Herteliu is partially supported by a grant of the Romanian Ministry of Research Innovation and Digitalization, MCID, project number ID-585-CTR-42-PFE-2021. Y J Kim acknowledges support by the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia [No. XMUMRF/2020-C6/ITCM/0004]. S L Koulmane Laxminarayana acknowledges institutional support by the Manipal Academy of Higher Education. K Krishan acknowledges non-financial support from UGC Centre of Advanced Study, CAS II, Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. M Kumar would like to acknowledge NIH/FIC K43 TW010716-04. I Landires is a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), supported by the Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT), Panama. V Nuñez-Samudio is a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), which is supported by Panama’s Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT). O O Odukoya was supported by the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health under the Award Number K43TW010704. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Z Quazi Syed acknowledges support from JNMC, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences. A I Ribeiro was supported by National Funds through FCT, under the ‘Stimulus of Scientific Employment – Individual Support’ program within the contract CEECIND/02386/2018. A M Samy acknowledges the support from a fellowship of the Egyptian Fulbright Mission program and Ain Shams University. R Shrestha acknowledges support from NIDA K01 Award: K01DA051346. N Taveira acknowledges support from FCT and Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN) - Portugal Collaborative Research Network in Portuguese speaking countries in Africa (project reference: 332821690), and by the European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP), UE (project reference: RIA2016MC-1615). B Unnikrishnan acknowledges support from Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. This work was primarily supported by grant OPP1132415 from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The funder of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, writing of the report, or decision to publish. The corresponding authors had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. S Afzal reports leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, unpaid, with the Pakistan society of Community Medicine & Public Health, the Pakistan Association of Medical Editors, and the Pakistan Society of Medical Infectious Diseases, all outside the submitted work. R Ancuceanu reports 5 payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Avvie, Sandoz, and B Braun, all outside the submitted work. T W Bärnighausen reports research grants from the European Union (Horizon 2020 and EIT Health), German Research Foundation (DFG), US National Institutes of Health, German Ministry of Education and Research, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Else-Kröner-Fresenius-Foundation, Wellcome Trust, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, KfW, UNAIDS, and WHO; consulting fees from KfW on the OSCAR initiative in Vietnam; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board with the NIH-funded study “Healthy Options” (PIs: Smith Fawzi, Kaaya), Chair, Data Safety and Monitoring Board (DSMB), German National Committee on the “Future of Public Health Research and Education,” Chair of the scientific advisory board to the EDCTP Evaluation, Member of the UNAIDS Evaluation Expert Advisory Committee, National Institutes of Health Study Section Member on Population and Public Health Approaches to HIV/AIDS (PPAH), US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s Committee for the “Evaluation of Human Resources for Health in the Republic of Rwanda under the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR),” University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) Population Aging Research Center (PARC) External Advisory Board Member; leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid, as co-chair of the Global Health Hub Germany (which was initiated by the German Ministry of Health); all outside the submitted work. J das Neves reports grants or contracts from Ref. 13605 – Programa GÉNESE, Gilead Portugal (PGG/002/2016 – Programa GÉNESE, Gilead Portugal) outside the submitted work. L Dwyer-Lindgren reports support for the present manuscript from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through grant OPP1132415. I Filip reports other financial or non-financial interests from Avicenna Medical and Clinical Research Institute, outside the submitted work. E Haeuser reports support for the present manuscript from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through grant OPP1132415. C Herteliu reports grants from Romanian Ministry of Research Innovation and Digitalization, MCID, for project number ID-585-CTR-42-PFE-2021 (Jan 2022-Jun 2023) “Enhancing institutional performance through development of infrastructure and transdisciplinary research ecosystem within socio-economic domain – PERFECTIS,” from Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, for project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084 (Oct 2018-Sep 2022) “Understanding and modelling time-space patterns of psychology-related inequalities and polarization,” and project number PN-III-P2-2.1-SOL-2020-2-0351 (Jun 2020-Oct 2020) “Approaches within public health management in the context of COVID-19 pandemic,” and from the Ministry of Labour and Social Justice, Romania for project number “Agenda for skills Romania 2020-2025”; all outside the submitted work. J J Jozwiak reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Teva, Amgen, Synexus, Boehringer Ingelheim, Zentiva, and Sanofi as personal fees, all outside the submitted work. J Khubchandani reports other financial interests from Teva Pharmaceuticals, all outside the submitted work. K Krishnan reports other non-financial support from UGC Centre of Advanced Study, CAS II, Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, outside the submitted work. H J Larson reports grants or contracts from the MacArthur Foundation and Merck to London School of Hygeine and Tropical Medicine, and from the Vaccine Confidence Fund to the University of Washington; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Center for Strategic and International Studies as payment to LSHTM for co-chairing HighLevel Panel and from GSK as personal payment for developing training sessions and lectures; leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, pair, with the ApiJect Advisory Board; all outside the submitted work. O O Odukoya reports support for the present manuscript from the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health under the Award Number K43TW010704. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. A Pans reports grants from Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, for project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084 (Oct 2018-Sep 2022) “Understanding and modelling time-space patterns of psychology-related inequalities and polarization,” and project number PN-III-P2-2.1-SOL-2020-2-0351 (Jun 2020-Oct 2020) “Approaches within public health management in the context of COVID-19 pandemic,” outside the submitted work. S R Pandi-Perumal reports royalties from Springer for editing services; stock or stock options in Somnogen Canada Inc as the President and Chief Executive Officer; all outside the submitted work. A Radfar reports other financial or non-financial interests from Avicenna Medical and Clinical Research Institute, outside the submitted work. A I Ribeiro reports grants or contracts from National Funds through FCT, under the ‘Stimulus of Scientific Employment – Individual Support’ program within the contract CEECIND/02386/2018, outside the submitted work. J M Ross reports support for the present manuscript from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through grant OPP1132415; grants or contracts from National Institutes of Health and Firland Foundation as payments to their institution; consulting fees from United States Agency for International Development as personal payments, and from KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation as payments to their institution; all outside the submitted work. E Rubagotti reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from the Greenwich China Office and Unviersity Prince Mohammad VI, Morocco, all outside the submitted work. B Sartorius reports grants or contracts from DHSC – GRAM Project; Leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid, as a member of the GBD Scientific Council and a Member of WHO RGHS; all outside the submitted work. J A Singh reports consulting fees from Crealta/Horizon, Medisys, Fidia, PK Med, Two labs Inc, Adept Field Solutions, Clinical Care options, Clearview healthcare partners, Putnam associates, Focus forward, Navigant consulting, Spherix, MedIQ, Jupiter Life Science LLC, UBM LLC, Trio Health, Medscape, WebMD, and Practice Point communications, and the National Institutes of Health and the American College of Rheumatology; payment or honoraria for participating in the speakers bureau for Simply Speaking; support for attending meetings and/or travel from the steering committee of OMERACT, to attend their meeting every 2 years; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board as an unpaid member of the FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee; leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid, as a member of the steering committee of OMERACT, an international organization that develops measures for clinical trials and receives arm’s length funding from 12 pharmaceutical companies, with the Veterans Affairs Rheumatology Field Advisory Committee as Chair, and with the UAB Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group Satellite Center on Network Meta-analysis as a director and editor; stock or stock options in TPT Global Tech, Vaxart pharmaceuticals, Atyu Biopharma, Adaptimmune Therapeutics, GeoVax Labs, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Enzolytics Inc, Series Therapeutics, Tonix Pharmaceuticals, and Charlotte’s Web Holdings Inc. and previously owned stock options in Amarin, Viking, and Moderna pharmaceuticals; all outside the submitted work. N Taveira reports grants or contracts from FCT and Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN) – Portugal Collaborative Research Network in Portuguese speaking countries in Africa (Project reference: 332821690) and from European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP), UE (Project reference: RIA2016MC-1615), as payments made to their institution, all outside the submitted work.

    Keywords

    • Africa
    • Demographics
    • Geostatistics
    • HIV
    • HIV prevalence
    • Mapping
    • Spatial statistics

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