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Mapping routine measles vaccination in low- and middle-income countries

  • Local Burden of Disease Vaccine Coverage Collaborators
    • University of Washington
    • London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
    • Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
    • Tehran University of Medical Sciences
    • Cairo University
    • Near East University
    • Madda Walabu University
    • Debre Markos University
    • Bahar Dar University
    • Karolinska Institutet
    • Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
    • Philippine Institute for Development Studies
    • Cleveland Clinic Foundation
    • Ain Shams University
    • Foundation for Scientific Research (FORS)
    • Hamedan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
    • University of Ibadan
    • King's College London
    • University of Stellenbosch
    • Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
    • Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN
    • Qom University of Medical Sciences
    • Southeast University, Nanjing
    • Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
    • University of Tabriz
    • Lincoln Medical School
    • Jimma University Ethiopia
    • University of South Australia
    • Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
    • Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica
    • Woldia University
    • Erbil Polytechnic University
    • Tishk International University
    • Quaid-I-Azam University
    • Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
    • Urmia University of Medical Sciences
    • Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences
    • Iran University of Medical Sciences
    • Kuwait University
    • Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
    • Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
    • Arak University of Medical Sciences
    • Jazan University
    • Sanaa University
    • King Saud University
    • Mekelle University
    • Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
    • University of the Philippines
    • Johns Hopkins University
    • African Population and Health Research Center
    • Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
    • Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
    • Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute
    • Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
    • Debre Berhan University
    • Hong Kong Polytechnic University
    • Universitas Sebelas Maret
    • Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
    • Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences
    • Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences
    • Saveh University of Medical Sciences
    • Yasuj University of Medical Sciences
    • Abt Associates Nepal
    • Babol University of Medical Sciences
    • University of Leicester
    • The Bucharest University of Economic Studies
    • Wolaita Sodo University
    • La Trobe University
    • University of Health and Allied Sciences
    • Public Health Agency of Canada
    • University of Toronto
    • Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University
    • Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
    • Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin
    • Haramaya University
    • Medical University of Łódź
    • Institute of Polish Mother's Health Center
    • Bangladesh University of Health Sciences
    • Clinical Center of Serbia
    • University of Belgrade
    • Gondar University
    • Harvard University
    • Imperial College London
    • John Snow Inc
    • Gandhi Medical College
    • Social Determinants of Health Research Center
    • Yale University
    • Arba Minch University
    • Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies
    • Aga Khan University
    • RTI International
    • University of Nottingham
    • Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research Kolkatta
    • Islamic Azad University
    • Nazarbayev University
    • University of Genoa
    • Bauman Moscow State Technical University
    • Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
    • Employee State Insurance Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research
    • University of Waterloo
    • Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital
    • Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires
    • Argentine Society of Medicine
    • Nanyang Technological University
    • Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana
    • University of Porto
    • Universidade de São Paulo
    • Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies
    • Royan Institute
    • Monash University
    • University of Melbourne
    • Hanoi National University of Education
    • University of Milan
    • Case Western Reserve University
    • Public Health Foundation of India
    • Indian Council of Medical Research
    • World Health Organization
    • Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
    • University of Human Development
    • Tanta University
    • Heidelberg University 
    • University of Peradeniya
    • Far Western University
    • Shahroud University of Medical Sciences
    • Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
    • Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa
    • Institute of Health Economics and Technology
    • Western Sydney University
    • Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University
    • University of Oxford
    • Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit
    • Universidade Federal da Bahia
    • Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública
    • Florida International University
    • Universiti Sains Malaysia
    • University of Newcastle
    • Maragheh University of Medical Sciences
    • John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin
    • Alexandria University
    • Ministry of Higher Education, Egypt
    • Arsi University
    • Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center
    • Suez Canal University
    • Kerman University of Medical Sciences
    • Tarbiat Modarres University
    • Hawassa University
    • Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University
    • University of Bologna
    • Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
    • University of Ottawa
    • Kaiser Permanente
    • Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine
    • Ravensburg-Weingarten University of Applied Sciences
    • National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine
    • Obafemi Awolowo University
    • Abadan University of Medical Sciences
    • Kobe University
    • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
    • Kotebe Metropolitan University
    • Addis Ababa University
    • Aksum University
    • Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
    • University of Exeter
    • The University of Lahore
    • Afro-Asian Institute
    • The University of Warwick
    • University of Oklahoma
    • Government of the Federated States of Micronesia
    • Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
    • Boston University
    • Universidade Federal de Goiás
    • Binzhou Medical College
    • Medical Resources
    • West Virginia University
    • Wachemo University
    • Al-Azhar University
    • University of Queensland
    • Guilan University of Medical Sciences
    • Independent Consultant
    • London South Bank University
    • Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
    • Guilan Road Trauma Research Center (GUMS)
    • Manipal Academy of Higher Education
    • Bangladesh Industrial Gases Limited
    • Duy Tan University
    • Hamad bin Khalifa University
    • Central South University
    • University of Sydney
    • International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh
    • Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical College
    • University of Kragujevac
    • Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
    • Bangalore Baptist Hospital
    • Taipei Medical University
    • Deakin University
    • South African Medical Research Council
    • University of Pretoria
    • Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
    • The George Institute for Global Health
    • Duke Kunshan University
    • Duke University
    • University of New South Wales
    • University of Opole
    • University College Cork
    • Golestan University of Medical Sciences
    • Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University
    • Shanghai Jiao Tong University
    • All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur
    • University of Münster
    • University of Maryland, Baltimore
    • Utrecht University
    • University of Nairobi
    • Jordan University of Science and Technology
    • Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
    • Health Promotion Research Center (ZAUMS)
    • Stroger Hospital of Cook County
    • Dow University of Health Sciences
    • Health Services Academy
    • International Institute for Population Sciences
    • Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University
    • Sheffield Hallam University
    • Ohio University
    • Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences
    • The Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences
    • Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education
    • New Mexico State University
    • Xiamen University
    • Simmons College
    • Kristiania University College
    • Tulane University
    • Oslo Metropolitan University
    • Ambo University
    • Neurophysiology Research Center
    • Institute for Research for Fundamental Sciences
    • Independent Consultant
    • Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences
    • CIBERSAM
    • ICREA
    • Panjab University
    • University of Montreal
    • University College London
    • University of Indonesia
    • Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research
    • Clinton Health Access Initiative, Inc.
    • University of Baghdad
    • HelpMeSee, Inc.
    • Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology
    • Father Muller Medical College Hospital
    • Monash University Malaysia
    • Taylor's University Malaysia
    • Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
    • University of California at Los Angeles
    • Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
    • Tribhuvan University
    • Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences
    • Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University
    • Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
    • Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará
    • Botho University
    • ICF International
    • Janakpuri Super Specialty Hospital Society
    • Govind Ballabh Institute of Medical Education and Research
    • University of California at San Francisco
    • United Nations
    • Adigrat University
    • Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit
    • University North
    • McMaster University
    • University of Western Australia
    • Kyrgyz State Medical Academy
    • National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease
    • Kashan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
    • Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences
    • Salahaddin University-Erbil
    • Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences
    • Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
    • Ahmadu Bello University
    • Dire Dawa University
    • IRCCS Ospedale Infantile Burlo Garofolo - Trieste
    • National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Iran
    • Iran Health Insurance Organization
    • King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
    • Universidade Estadual de Campinas
    • Federal Institute for Population Research
    • Center for Population and Health
    • Research and Analytics Department
    • Bioinsilico Technologies
    • Suraj Eye Institute
    • Ministère de la santé publique de Cameroun
    • Université de Yaoundé I
    • Bucharest Emergency Hospital
    • University of Embu
    • Nguyen Tat Thanh University
    • Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences
    • Semarang State University
    • University of Cape Town
    • Kyung Hee University
    • University of Lagos
    • Centre for Healthy Start Initiative
    • Jigjiga University
    • University of Nigeria
    • Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Academy of Health Education and Research
    • Center for Health Outcomes & Evaluation
    • University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
    • University of Sinu
    • Murdoch Children's Research Institute
    • Ateneo de Manila University
    • University of Bern
    • University of Ljubljana
    • University of Groningen
    • Alborz University of Medical Sciences
    • University of British Columbia
    • Fundación Valle del Lili
    • Universidad ICESI
    • Smt. B.K.S. Medical Institute and Research Center
    • Sharif University of Technology
    • Amirkabir University of Technology
    • University of Central Florida
    • Policy Research Institute
    • Global Center for Research and Development
    • Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences
    • Public Health England
    • Central Queensland University
    • RCSI Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Medical University of Bahrain
    • Universal Scientific Education and Research Network
    • Birjand University of Medical Sciences
    • University of Minnesota Twin Cities
    • University Teaching Hospital of Kigali
    • National University of Caaguazu
    • National Institutes of Health
    • Universidade Federal de Uberlândia
    • School of Medicine
    • University of Sassari
    • University of Botswana
    • All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
    • Food and Drug Administration of the Islamic Republic of Iran
    • Soran University
    • Cihan University
    • Central University of Punjab, Bathinda
    • Stanford University
    • Madras Medical College
    • PSG-FAIMER South Asia Regional Institute
    • Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales
    • Instituto de Salud Carlos III
    • Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College
    • Hamad Medical Corporation
    • Bournemouth University
    • University of Alabama at Birmingham
    • Manian Medical Centre
    • Newcastle University
    • An-Najah National University
    • Independent Consultant
    • University of Borås
    • University of Edinburgh
    • National Institute of Infectious Diseases
    • Yonsei University
    • University of Technology Sydney
    • George Washington University
    • University of Sannio
    • WSB University in Gdansk
    • Department of Veterans Affairs
    • School of Preventive Oncology
    • Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health
    • Pathfinder International
    • Semnan University of Medical Sciences
    • Kharkiv National Medical University
    • University of Hull
    • International Medical University
    • Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
    • Manonmaniam Sundaranar University
    • Research Center for Molecular
    • Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
    • Egas Moniz - Cooperative of Higher Education, CRL
    • University of Lisbon
    • University of Adelaide
    • Wollo University
    • Central University of Kerala
    • Jagiellonian University Medical College
    • Modestum LTD
    • Hanoi Medical University
    • Iqra National University
    • Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki
    • Amity University, Noida
    • Milad General Hospital
    • Velez Sarsfield Hospital
    • Ilam University of Medical Sciences
    • S. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic
    • University of Göttingen
    • Foundation University Medical College
    • Wuhan University
    • Naresuan University
    • Wenzhou Medical University
    • University of Sheffield
    • The University of Tokyo
    • University of Jos
    • The University of Hong Kong
    • National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Kodaira
    • Juntendo University
    • Jackson State University
    • Tsinghua University
    • Dilla University
    • Wuhan University of Science and Technology
    • Wuhan Polytechnic University

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    107 Citations (SciVal)
    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)415-419
    Number of pages5
    JournalNature
    Volume589
    Issue number7842
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished (VoR) - 21 Jan 2021

    Funding

    Acknowledgements This work was primarily supported by grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1182474, OPP11093011 and OPP1132415). S.I.H. is funded by additional grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1119467 and OPP1106023). The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the World Health Organization. J.-W.D.N. was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. C.H. is partially supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084, and a grant co-funded by the European Fund for Regional Development through Operational Program for Competitiveness, Project ID P_40_382. Y.J.K. acknowledges support by the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia (XMUMRF/2018-C2/ITCM/0001). K. Krishan is supported by a DST PURSE Grant and UGC Centre of Advanced Study awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. B.L. acknowledges support from the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre and the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford. M.A.M. acknowledges NIGEB and NIMAD grants. A. Sheikh acknowledges support by Health Data Research UK. S.B.Z. acknowledges support from the Australian Government research training program (RTP) for his academic career. Competing interests This study was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Authors employed by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided feedback on initial maps and drafts of this manuscript. Otherwise, the funders of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the final report. The corresponding authors had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. O.O.A. is supported by DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA). C.A.T.A. reports personal fees from Johnson & Johnson (The Philippines), outside the submitted work. M.L.B. reports grants from the US Environmental Protection Agency, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Wellcome Trust Foundation, during the conduct of the study. M.L.B. also reports honoraria and/or travel reimbursements from the NIH (for the review of grant proposals), American Journal of Public Health (participation as editor), Global Research Laboratory and Seoul National University, Royal Society London UK, Ohio University, Atmospheric Chemistry Gordon Research Conference, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Arizona State University, Ministry of the Environment Japan, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, University of Illinois–Champaign, and University of Tennessee–Knoxville. S. Basu reports grants from the NIH, grants from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, grants from the US Department of Agriculture, grants from Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, personal fees from Research Triangle Institute, personal fees from Collective Health, personal fees from KPMG, personal fees from HealthRight360, personal fees from PLOS Medicine, personal fees from The New England Journal of Medicine, outside the submitted work. F.D. reports grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, during the conduct of the study. A. Deshpande reports grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, during the conduct of the study. S.J.D. reports grants from The Fleming Fund at the UK Department of Health & Social Care, during the conduct of the study. S.M.S.I. received funding from the National Heart Foundation of Australia. J.J.J. reports personal fees from AMGEN, personal fees from ALAB, personal fees from TEVA, personal fees from SYNEXUS, personal fees from BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM and personal fees from VALEANT, outside the submitted work. H.J.L. reports grants from GSK, outside the submitted work. W.M. is Program Analyst in Population and Development at the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), an institution which does not necessarily endorse this study. T. Pilgrim reports grants and personal fees from Biotronik, grants and personal fees from Boston Scientific and grants from Edwards Lifesciences, outside the submitted work. M.J.P. reports grants and personal fees from MSD, GSK, Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Novavax, Astra Zeneca, Sanofi, IQVIA and other pharmaceutical industries, personal fees from Quintiles, Novartis, Pharmerit and Seqirus, grants from Bayer, BioMerieux, WHO, EU, FIND, Antilope, DIKTI, LPDP, Budi, and other from Ingress Health, Pharmacoeconomics Advice Groningen (PAG Ltd), Asc Academics, outside the submitted work. M.J.P. holds stocks in Ingress Health and PAG Ltd and is advisor to Asc Academics, all of which are pharmacoeconomic consultancy companies, outside of submitted work. J. A. Singh reports personal fees from Crealta/Horizon, Medisys, Fidia, UBM LLC, Trio Health, Medscape, WebMD, Clinical Care Options, Clearview Healthcare Partners, Putnam Associates, Spherix, Practice Point Communications, the NIH and the American College of Rheumatology, personal fees from the speaker’s bureau of Simply Speaking, stock options in Amarin Pharmaceuticals and Viking Pharmaceuticals, non-financial support from the steering committee of OMERACT, an international organization that develops measures for clinical trials and receives arm’s length funding from 12 pharmaceutical companies, outside of the submitted work. J. A. Singh serves on the FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee, is a member of the Veterans Affairs Rheumatology Field Advisory Committee, and is the editor and the Director of the UAB Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group Satellite Center on Network Meta-analysis, all outside the submitted work. R.U. reports other financial activities from Deakin University, outside the submitted work. J.F.M. reports grants from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, during the conduct of the study.

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