Optimization of a Nanowire-Based Biosensor and Its Performance Analysis

Alterations to the surface potential (by the attachment of molecules) control the operation of a Biosensor Field-Effect Transistor (BioFET). The conductance of the FET channel can be change by charged molecules, including biomolecules, bind to the dielectric material that usually makes up the FET gate. This is because the biomolecules can change the charge distribution of the underlying semiconductor material. For instance, BioFETs integrate a transistor device with a bio-sensitive layer to identify proteins and nucleic acids. Performance optimization and analysis of extended-gate BioFET sensors are the focus of this research work. A change in the semiconductor's electrostatic surface potential occurs due to a change in the surface charge distribution brought about by an analytic binding to a recognition element. The current between the source and drain electrodes varies as a result of this change in the surface potential of the semiconductor. This modification functions in the same manner as a gate voltage in a typical MOSFET. A change in current (or conductance) is a good indicator of analytic binding. Considering device characteristics, fluidic surroundings, and the polarity of charge in biomolecules, the authors have examined the opportunities and difficulties associated with biomolecule detection using Si-Nanowire (NW) biosensors. The results showed that the simulated device responded better to the detected biomolecules.