Painting, Graphics, Printing and Paper in the Age of Industry, 1800–1920

This chapter considers the shifts in attitudes and actions of printing in the nineteenth century, between its function as a trade and its influence as craft, and how this fluctuating territory affected printings interactions with other areas such as paper, graphics, and painting. It will do this from multiple perspectives including the methods, materials, tools, and equipment necessary for production; the impact of production upon typographic aesthetics; production, distribution, and consumption; training and education; and networks. To begin it is useful to reflect on the technological innovations of the period which brought about the first major changes in the printing process since its invention in the mid-fifteenth century.