TY - JOUR
T1 - Queenpins
T2 - an exploratory study of female participation in high-level drug distribution networks
AU - Gillespie, Lauren
AU - Jones, Sarah
AU - Kelly, Craig
AU - Lynes, Adam
PY - 2024/8/22
Y1 - 2024/8/22
N2 - Despite increasing recognition within mainstream media, criminology is yet to offer a substantive analysis of female participation within the upper echelons of organised crime. As such, this exploratory paper aims to offer an insight into the key themes identifiable within the context of high level, female, drug suppliers. Identifying thirty-six case studies, this exploratory paper combines descriptive statistics and a Fisher?s Exact test with Cramer?s V to demonstrate the prevalence and overall trends. Overall, the study demonstrated that women, dubbed Queenpins, are most likely to participate at high levels within Latin American cartels and the Camorra. Unlike their counterparts operating within the lower rungs of drug markets, these women are able to invert the highly patriarchal narco cultures they exist within. They operated in a narco-feminist role that supported the men in their lives and offered a route to resist their machismo-oriented habitus.
AB - Despite increasing recognition within mainstream media, criminology is yet to offer a substantive analysis of female participation within the upper echelons of organised crime. As such, this exploratory paper aims to offer an insight into the key themes identifiable within the context of high level, female, drug suppliers. Identifying thirty-six case studies, this exploratory paper combines descriptive statistics and a Fisher?s Exact test with Cramer?s V to demonstrate the prevalence and overall trends. Overall, the study demonstrated that women, dubbed Queenpins, are most likely to participate at high levels within Latin American cartels and the Camorra. Unlike their counterparts operating within the lower rungs of drug markets, these women are able to invert the highly patriarchal narco cultures they exist within. They operated in a narco-feminist role that supported the men in their lives and offered a route to resist their machismo-oriented habitus.
KW - Queenpins
KW - Organised crime
KW - Narco-feminism
KW - Illicit markets
KW - Feminisation
UR - https://www.open-access.bcu.ac.uk/15748/
U2 - 10.1007/s12117-024-09546-0
DO - 10.1007/s12117-024-09546-0
M3 - Article
SN - 1084-4791
JO - Trends in Organized Crime
JF - Trends in Organized Crime
ER -