Reliability of Surface EMG During High-Risk Single-Leg Jump Landing and 90◦ Sidestep Cutting in Female Footballers

Non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries cause substantial time loss in female football. Although altered lower-limb muscle excitation is a modifiable risk factor, the reliability of surface electromyography (sEMG) during dynamic tasks in female players remains uncertain. This repeated-measures reliability study examined sEMG during a single-leg jump landing (LAND) and 90° sidestep cut (CUT) in 16 second-tier English female footballers. We evaluated reliability across: (1) within- versus between-session measures; (2) mean versus peak amplitudes; (3) pre-initial contact (PRE-IC) versus post-initial contact (POST-IC) phases; and (4) 10 ms versus 50 ms smoothing windows. Reliability was quantified using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC[2,k]) and absolute measurement error. Within-session ICCs were moderate to excellent (LAND 0.61 to 0.95; CUT 0.68 to 0.96), whereas between-session ICCs varied from poor to excellent (LAND −0.48 to 0.94; CUT −0.08 to 0.93). Mean amplitudes showed marginally higher ICCs and lower absolute error than peaks. Phase-specific patterns were task-dependent: PRE-IC was more reliable in LAND, whereas POST-IC was more reliable in CUT. Practitioners should prioritize within-session comparisons using mean amplitudes, and the most reliable task-specific phase is recommended. Between-day application warrants caution, as the consistently lower reliability demonstrated may reflect task variability and/or physiological fluctuations rather than the sEMG method alone.